南方感潮地区水库的挖潜改造

为有效缓解南方感潮地区严重的内涝灾害和枯水期因受咸潮影响而供水不足的问题,对南方感潮地区的水库进行挖潜改造,使其充分发挥滞洪和避咸蓄淡的功能。以位于广东省中珠联围的田心水库为例,系统介绍水库挖潜改造的思路以及挖潜改造分析过程,其中水库调度运行规则的拟定方法,需要结合研究承泄区水位变化规律、涝区暴雨与承泄区水位的遭遇规律以及区域排涝情势才能分析拟定。实例研究表明,不增加水库汇水面积和坝高时,在溢洪道上设置高4 m的闸门,能滞蓄最大6 h洪水与下游错峰,且增加兴利库容121万m~3;若增加西面山坡地的截流面积,则在溢洪道上设置高6 m的闸门,增加2 m坝高,合理调度,也能滞蓄最大6 h洪水与下游错峰,且增加兴利库容193万m~3。

Study on unearthing and developing the potentialities of a reservoir for the flood detention and storage in the southern tidal area

In the southern tidal area, it is indispensable to fully unearth and develop the potentialities of a reservoir for the flood detention and storage, which can make the reservoir fully display the functions of the flood detention and thefresh water storage, effectively relieving severe waterlogging disasters and the problem of insufficient water supply due to the influence of saline. Take the Tianxin reservoir located in the Zhong-Zhu union catchment of Guandong province as an example, these were described in detail including the train of thought about exploiting reservoirs potentialities and methods of making a regulation for the reservoir operation and parsing process. To make a regulation for the reservoir operation is a difficult point, because it must take some factors into account, such as changing rules of outer water level and regional drainage situation. An reservoir revamping is studied at the original catchment area first. By setting 4-meter-high gate on the spillway and using the rational operation regulation, it is possible to reserve a maximum flood of 6 h for the peak shifting and increase the beneficial reservoir capacity by 1. 21 million m³ without increasing the dam height. Then, combining the terrain around reservoir region, the flood of the west shoulder is led to the Tianxin Reservoir. The revamping research with increasing catchment area indicates that by setting 6-meter-high gate on the spillway, increasing dam height by 2 m and using the rational operation regulation, it is possible to reserve a maximum flood of 6 h for the peak shifting as well and increase the beneficial reservoir capacity by 1. 93 million m³.