根区交替滴灌方式对葡萄根系形态特征与根系活力的影响

研究不同交替滴灌方式对葡萄根系形态、分布与根系活力的影响,为构建高效根区交替滴灌方式提供一定理论依据。以当年扦插的葡萄幼苗为试材,通过在植株东西两侧安装滴灌设备,模拟根系分区交替灌溉,探讨树体两侧均采用地面滴灌方式(处理1),树体两侧均采用地下滴灌方式(处理2),树体东侧为地面滴灌方式,西侧为地下滴灌方式(处理3)3种交替滴灌方式根系直径、重量、长度、表面积、体积的分布规律及根系活力随灌水时间的变化特点。结果表明:根系总重、总长、总表面积与总体积均以处理3最大,处理2次之,处理1最小;各处理西侧的根系总重、总长、总表面积与总体积均大于东侧;处理1葡萄根系长度在土层深度0~20 cm处分布最多,占总根长的55%,处理2在土层深度20~40cm处分布最多,占总根长的49%,处理3的根长分布规律东侧与处理1一致,西侧与处理2一致;不同交替滴灌方式对不同土层深度内根系活力的影响不同,处理1在0~20 cm处根系活力最大,处理2在20~40 cm处最大,处理3对东侧土层内根系活力的影响与处理1相同,西侧与处理2相同。由此可见,处理3和处理2对根系构型的建成诱导效应优于处理1,促进根系下扎,使根系在土层内分布更加均匀,保持根系活力在较高水平。

Effect of Alternate Partial Root-Zone Drip Irrigation on Root Morphological Characteristics and Activity of Grape

The research focuses on the effects of different alternate drip irrigation on characteristics,distribution and activity of grape＇s root,which providing a theoretical basis on designing an efficient alternate irrigation modals of root.With the one year old wine grape （V.vitis L.cv.Cabernet Sauvignon） as material to explore the regularities of distribution in root＇s diameter,weight, length,surface area,volume and root＇s change during the irrigation time under three alternate drip irrigation models which include drip irrigation on both sides （T1）,subsurface drip irrigation on both sides （T2）,drip irrigation on the east side and subsurface drip irrigation on the west side （T3）,by installing drip irrigation systems on the east and west of the plant,imitating ahernate irrigation of root＇s sub-zone.Results were as follows：The overall length,total weight,surface area of roots were highest in T3 and lowest in Tl,and the west was higher than the east in each treatment;the maximum of root＇s length in T1 are appeared from 0 to 20 cm of soil depth which accounted for 55% of root overall length,and 20 to 40 cm deep in T2,which accounted for 49% of root overall length.The root＇s regularity of distribution on east in T3 was in accord with T1 and west of it was in accord of T2.The influence with different alternative irrigation on root activity in different soil depth was various;the highest root activity of T1 and T2 distributed in 0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm,respectively;The effect on root activity in T3 on east is similar to T1 while the west is to T2.So the inductive effect on root system＇s architecture in T2,and T3 was superior to T1, which promote the root plunge into the soil deep,help the root be better-distribute, and maintain the activity of root in a higher level.