转向压裂用暂堵剂研究进展与展望

我国低渗油气资源储量丰富，水力压裂是开采此类资源的重要措施。但随着生产进行，水力裂缝失效将导致油气产量下降，化学暂堵转向压裂是恢复和提高低渗透油气产量的重要方法之一。暂堵剂能够对高渗透层进行封堵，迫使压裂液转向，实现对剩余油聚集区的压裂改造。根据暂堵剂形态的不同将暂堵剂分为颗粒类暂堵剂、压裂暂堵球、纤维类暂堵剂及冻胶类暂堵剂，从封堵机理、优缺点及暂堵剂研发现状等方面对上述四类暂堵剂以及几种新型暂堵剂进行了综述，并对暂堵剂未来的发展方向进行了探讨。认为可降解水溶性暂堵剂是今后的主流发展趋势，根据地层情况选择多种类型暂堵剂实施复合暂堵有利于提升封堵效果，根据数值模拟结果来指导暂堵转向压裂施工参数的定量优化是亟待攻关的难题。

Study on temporary plugging agent for diverting fracturing: Progress and prospect

Oil and gas resources are widely distributed in China''s low permeability reservoirs, and hydraulic fracturing is an important measure to exploit such resources. However, after a period of production, the hydraulic fractures gradually become invalid, resulting in decline of oil & gas production. As the temporary plugging agent can block the high permeability layer, and drive the fracturing fluid to flow into other perforating holes to create new fractures at the remaining oil & gas accumulation areas, it has been widely applied in hydraulic fracturing operation on low permeability reservoirs to restore and increase the oil & gas production. According to different shapes of temporary plugging agents, temporary plugging agent can be divided into particulate type, ball type, fiber type, and gel type, and a status quo of its plugging mechanism, advantages and disadvantages, and development of chemical agent were overviewed, also the future development of temporary plugging agent was discussed. It is thought that degradable water-soluble temporary plugging agent is the focus of future research. Combined used of multiple types of temporary plugging agents based on the formation conditions is beneficial to improve the plugging effect. Moreover, it is very important to figure out how to quantificationally optimize the operation parameters of temporary plugging fracturing based on the results of numerical simulation.