日美两国行政文化的比较分析

日美两国的行政集团所处的不同的政治环境对它们遵循的政策制定方式和国家观产生了重要的影响。日本的一党为主的政治环境有益于强化避免争斗的意识，有益于强化行政机构的独立地位；美国的两党制构成的政治环境看重相互批评，提倡按照已有的政治游戏规则进行竞争，因此行政机构的独立地位受到制约。不过通过一些调查和分析，我们看到两国行政精英的差别远比那种认为“日美两国的行政官员处于某种政治价值观的两极，其形象也是截然相反”的观点要复杂的多。

The Comparative Analysis of the Administrative Culture between Japan and U. S. A

It exerts a great influence on the styles of formulating a policy and the state viewpoints that the administrative units of Japan and U.S.A run in different political environments. It is beneficial to strengthen the consciousness of avoiding struggle and the independent status of administrative organization in Japan, Which just has one main party. But it is different in U.S.A, because its political environment consists of two main parties, which advocates criticizing and competing each other on the existing political game rules. Usually, we think that the administrative masters in Japan are politically unconcerned, specialized, conservative and the ones in USA are highly political concerned, highly competitive and radicalized. But the difference is more complicated.