中国众创空间的空间演化及影响因素研究

众创空间在各地大量涌现，成为新时代中国创新创业新的空间经济景观，对于优化地区经济结构具有重要作用.以全国2 469个国家级众创空间为研究对象，采用最邻近指数、核密度分析、网格维数和地理探测器对国家级众创空间的空间演变及影响机理进行探究，研究表明：1) 众创空间分布总体呈现出集聚的特征，但集聚程度随时间推移逐渐减弱；2) 研究时段内众创空间的核密度总体格局基本一致，呈现出东高西低、东部沿海地区高于内陆的弓型格局，且密度差异显著，时间变化上表现出集聚与扩散并存的演变态势；3) 分形特征明显，在空间上呈现不均衡分布的状态，集聚主要围绕京津冀、长三角和珠三角地区等沿海地区以及主要的交通线展开；4) 众创空间的空间演变受多种因素影响，其中政府创新投入、技术创新水平、对外开放水平、资本市场以及科教文娱投入对众创空间的形成和发展起着主导作用.

Spatial evolution and influence factors of national makerspace in China

A large number of makerspace have emerged in various places and become a new spatial economic phenomenon for China's innovation and entrepreneurship in the new period， which plays an important role in optimizing the regional economic structure. Taking 2 469 national makerspaces in China as the research objects， the methods of nearest neighbor index， kernel density analysis， network-dimensional analysis and Geo Detector were used to analysis the spatial evolution characteristics and influence mechanism of national makerspace in China. The results are shown as follows. 1) The distribution of national makerspace shows the characteristics of agglomeration， but its degree gradually decreases with time. 2) During the study period， the overall kernel density pattern of national makerspace is basically the same， exhibiting a “bow and arrow shape” of high in the east and low in the west， and the eastern coastal area is higher than the inland. The density difference is significant， presenting the coexistence of agglomeration and diffusion. 3) The national makerspace has obvious fractal structure characteristics， indicating an unbalanced distribution in space. The agglomeration mainly revolves around coastal areas such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region， the Yangtze River Delta， and the Pearl River Delta， as well as major transportation lines. 4) The spatial evolution of national makerspaceis influenced by various factors， in which R&D investment， the innovation investment of government， the level of openness to the outside world， capital market and the investment of education， science， culture and media are the most important factors.