高校技术创新溢出能力对国家大学科技园孵化效率的影响

大学科技园作为促进政、产、学、研合作的重要平台，在行业技术进步和区域经济发展中发挥着重要作用.大学科技园的可持续发展，很大程度上依托于高校提供的科研人才及成果等多种创新资源，这些资源也是大学科技园得以顺利开展孵化活动的基础条件.以国家大学科技园及其依托的高校为研究对象，利用三阶段超效率DEA模型和熵值法分别评价2014年—2018年大学科技园的孵化效率和高校技术创新溢出能力，运用混合回归模型探究高校的技术创新溢出对大学科技园孵化效率及空间异地扩张的影响.研究发现：1) 研究期内，仅东部地区的孵化效率一直大于1，实现了DEA有效，北京、江苏和广东的国家大学科技园孵化效率也实现了DEA有效，多数省份的孵化效率偏低，且呈现波动下降的趋势；高效率区主要由东部沿海、中部少数省份组成，东北三省和中部多数省份多位于中效率区，低效率区大都由西部省份组成.2) 各省级区域高校技术创新溢出能力与地区经济发展水平呈现相似的特征，北京、江苏和上海的高校技术创新溢出能力一直处于较高等级，大部分省区市高校的技术创新溢出能力呈现先稳步增长，后有所下降的趋势；整体来看，东部地区的技术创新溢出能力较高，中西部地区较低.3) 高校技术创新溢出能力对大学科技园的孵化效率存在正向影响.大学科技园空间扩张分析结果表明，依托较高技术创新溢出能力高校的大学科技园，更容易实现辐射异地发展，助力科技园迈向世界一流大学科技园.

Impact of technological innovation spillover capability of universities on the incubation efficiency of national university science parks

As an important platform for promoting cooperation between politics， industry， academia and research， university science parks have played an important role in the technological progress of the industry and regional economic development. The sustainable development of university science parks largely relies on a variety of innovative resources such as scientific research talents and achievements provided by universities. These resources are also the basic conditions for university science parks to successfully carry out incubation activities. In this article， the national university science parks and their supporting universities are taken as the research objects， and the three-stage super-efficiency DEA model and entropy method are utilized to evaluate the incubation efficiency of university science parks and the technological innovation spillover capacity of universities from 2014 to 2018.The hybrid regression model is applied to explore the impact of technological innovation spillovers of universities on the incubation efficiency and spatial expansion of university science parks. The results are shown as follows.1) During the study period， only the incubation efficiency in the eastern region achieved DEA effectiveness， and the incubation efficiency of national university science parks in Beijing， Jiangsu and Guangdong achieved DEA effectiveness. The incubation efficiency in most provinces is low and shows a trend of declining fluctuations. The high-efficiency zone is mainly composed of a few provinces in the east coast and the central part. The three northeastern provinces and most of the central provinces are mostly located in the middle-efficiency zone， and the low-efficiency zone generally consists of most western provinces.2) The level of technological innovation spillover capability of universities in various provinces exhibits similar characteristics to the level of regional economic development. The technological innovation spillover capability of universities in Beijing， Jiangsu， and Shanghai has always been at a relatively high level.On the contrary， the technological innovation spillover capacity of universities in most provinces shows a trend of steadily increasing at first and then declining.On the whole， the technological innovation spillover capacity of universities in eastern region is relatively high， and that of universities in the central and western regions is relatively low.3) The technological innovation spillover capacity of universities has a positive impact on the incubation efficiency of university science parks. The analysis result of the space expansion of university science parks indicates that science parks relying on universities with higher technological innovation spillover capabilities are able to achieve radiating remote development more easily which would help science parks become world-class university science parks.