黄土高原城市创新效率及影响因素

黄土高原生态脆弱区位于多个生态区交界位置，该地区生态环境易受损且恢复时间长，由于生态脆弱区的特殊性，位于区域内的城市在响应创新发展、高质量发展时要面临更多的困难.该文选取黄土高原生态脆弱区2012年—2018年7省24个城市为研究对象，基于DEA-Tobit模型对城市创新效率及影响因素进行评价和分析，利用ArcGIS对黄土高原地区创新效率的时空演变格局进行可视化.主要结论包括：黄土高原地区城市创新效率在空间上呈现出不平衡的发展态势，空间差异显著；时间特征上呈现出效率逐年提高的态势，部分城市创新效率呈现快速发展的趋势，2018年有16个城市达到区域高创新效率水平.从影响因素的结果分析来看，教育水平和经济增长对区域创新效率具有正向效应，不合理的产业结构及财政支出对区域创新效率具有负向效应.根据结果得出如下政策建议：1) 政府要保证创新技术相关政策落地，营造鼓励创新氛围；2) 切实推进环境保护与经济协同发展；3) 建立长期有效环境保护修复机制，保证生态补偿工作顺利进行；4) 关注黄土高原三大工程，创新工程技术，减少对生态脆弱区的生态破坏.对生态脆弱区内城市创新效率及影响因素进行研究并提出有针对性的建议，以期为生态脆弱区高质量发展和城市可持续发展提供借鉴和参考.

Urban innovation efficiency and influencing factors in the Loess Plateau

The ecological fragile zone of Loess Plateau is located in the intersection region between many different ecological regions where the ecological environment is vulnerable and will spend a very long time to recovery. For the particularities of ecological fragile zone， the cities situated in these regions will face more problems and questions on the way to follow the innovation development and high-quality development call. 24 cities from 7 provinces from 2012 to 2018 in the Loess Plateau ecological fragile zone are chosen as object， and the DEA-Tobit model is used as evaluate model to measure innovation efficiency and factors which might be important on innovation efficiency. The ArcGIS is utilized to visualize the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of efficiency change. It's concluded that the city innovation efficiency in the Loess Plateau ecological fragile zone shows an unbalanced development in space with significant spatial differences.The efficiency is growing by time， and some cities exhibit rapid growth tendency.It's found that 16 cities reached the optimal efficiency in 2018. For the influence factor evaluation model results， the education level and economy growth have positive effects on regional innovation efficiency， while unreasonable industrial structure and fiscal expenditure have negative effect on regional innovation efficiency. Finally the advice are as follows.1) The local government should ensure the implementation of policies related to scientific and technological innovation.2) The synergistic development of environmental protection and economic development should be effectively promoted.3) A long-term effective environmental protection and restoration mechanism should be established for ecological compensation. 4) Attention should be paid to the three major projects on the Loess Plateau， and innovative engineering technologies should be implemented to reduce the damage on environment. These suggestions will provide reference in sustainable development and high-quality development for environment fragile zone.