一种新型油溶性稠油降粘剂的合成及评价

针对目前油溶性稠油降粘剂存在的针对性强和降粘效果差等问题,研制了一种油溶性稠油降粘剂.该降粘剂分子结构中含有极性基团和烷基,极性基团可以降低稠油中胶质和沥青质的氢键作用,烷基可以增加油溶性稠油降粘剂的溶解能力,从而提高其降粘效果.该油溶性稠油降粘剂的最佳合成条件为:乙二醇、环氧氯丙烷和十八酰氯物质的量分数之比为4∶4∶1.5,第一步主链反应温度为110℃,反应时间为8h,促进剂N质量分数为1.4％;第二步接枝反应温度为110℃,反应时间14h.通过性能评价发现:该降粘剂具有一定的广普性,对多种稠油均有一定的降粘效果,其对4#稠油的降粘效果最好,最佳加量为200 mg/L,最优降粘温度为50℃;稠油降粘剂与十八烷基三甲基溴化铵复配后可以提高降粘剂的降粘效果,降粘率可达57％以上.

Synthesis and Evaluation of New Oil Soluble Viscosity Reductant for Heavy Oils

For the problems of present heavy oil soluble viscosity reductant; such as typically narrowly targeted implementations with little effect, a new kind of branch-type heavy oil soluble viscosity reducer is designed, which contained polar group and alkyl group. The hydrogen bond between colloid and asphaltene in heavy oil could be reduced by the polar group. And the reducer＇s solubility and effectiveness could be increased by the alkyl group. The optimal synthetic conditions were obtained by studying the factor of synthesis：the molar ratio of glycol, epi- chlorohydrin and stearyl chloride are 4： 4： I. 5 ;the first step of principal chain reaction temperature is 110 ℃, the reaction time is 8h and the accelerator N is 1.4% （ mass fraction） ; the second step of graft reaction temperature is 110 ℃ and the reaction time is 14 h. Performance e- valuation found this reducer has good property of viscosity reduction for kinds of heavy oil, especially for 4# heavy oil. The optimum dosage of reducer is 200 mg/L and the optimum temperature is 50 ℃. When this reducer was combined with octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, the viscosity breaking rate increased, the viscosity rate could reach 57% or even better.