考虑需求波动和产能调整成本的混流装配线平衡问题

混流装配系统面对的市场需求经常受各种因素影响而上下波动，当实际需求与预期不同时，企业需要采取加班等临时措施调整产能. 然而现有装配线平衡研究大都是按照确定的预期需求量配置的，少数考虑随机需求的研究也都忽视了平衡方案后续进行产能调整的成本和难易程度. 文章针对需求不确定环境下的混装线平衡决策，考虑了维持日常产能的人工成本和加班带来的产能调整成本，建立了数学模型，提出了一种估计总成本下界的方法并设计了启发式算法. 计算实验表明算法能在较快时间内获得较好的结果.

Balancing mixed model assembly line with capacity adjustment to satisfy uncertain demands

In a mixed model assembly line, the demands for products are usually uncertain. When the actual demands are larger than expectation, capacity adjustments should be made. The difficulty and cost of these adjustments rely heavily on the initial balancing. To the best of knowledge, the convenience of future adjustment and corresponding cost have not been considered in literature. This paper investigates the line balancing problem in a mixed model assembly system which faces uncertain demand and makes use of overtime work to meet unexpected demands. The objective is to minimize the expected labor cost, including cost for normal operation and overtime work. A mathematical model is built and a method is proposed to estimate the cost lower bound, based on which a single pass heuristic is designed. The numerical experiment shows that the algorithm is effective and efficient.