大气湿对流的类型和深厚湿对流触发机制综述

梳理大气湿对流和强对流天气的定义和特征, 综述深厚湿对流(DMC)的触发机制研究进展。类似贝纳德对流的大气浅薄湿对流积云的组织形态取决于边界层大气垂直风切变强度。按照触发高度, 可将DMC划分为地基对流和高架对流; 按照强弱程度, 也可以将 DMC划分为强雷暴和普通雷暴。虽然强对流天气的定义具有一定的主观性, 不同国家的定义标准存在差异, 但都具有极端性和易致灾等特点。然而, 全面监测这些天气的类型和强度的难题依然存在。地基对流的触发机制实际上位于边界层, 最为复杂多样; 很多 DMC的触发是辐合线相互作用或不同机制共同作用的结果。未来需要加强边界层的精细探测能力, 深入研究DMC触发机制的气候学特征和机理, 更需要提升高时空分辨率资料同化水平和边界层过程的数值模拟能力。

Review of Atmospheric Moist Convection Categories and TriggeringMechanism of Deep Moist Convection

The definitions and characteristics of different types of atmospheric moist convection and severe convective weather are summarized. The research advances and outlook of the triggering mechanism of deep moist convection (DMC) are focused on. The organizational forms of atmospheric shallow moist convective cumulus similar to Bernard convection depend on the intensity of vertical wind shear in the planetary boundary layer. According to different classification standards, DMC can be divided into surface-based convection and elevated convection, or ordinary thunderstorms and severe convective storms. The definition of severe convective weather has been presented somewhat arbitrarily, and the thresholds of such type of weather are different in different nations, but it certainly has the characteristic of extreme and is prone to disaster. The difficulty of exhaustively monitoring the detailed type and intensity of such weather still exists. The triggering mechanism of surface-based convection is actually in the planetary boundary layer, which is complex and diverse. Many DMC events are triggered as the result of convergence line interaction or the interaction of different mechanisms. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the measurement ability of the boundary layer, to conduct in-depth studies on the climatological characteristics and mechanism of DMC trigger, and to improve the ability of fine data assimilation and numerical simulation of boundary layer processes.