新冠肺炎相关俄语术语构成及翻译

新冠肺炎相关俄语术语构成,既遵循现代俄语构词规律,又体现出与国际通行术语表达相一致的特点。对新冠肺炎的命名产生了新词汇,而围绕疾病病因、诊断、治疗、预防等问题的探讨,则沿用或重组了既有术语词汇。在形态构成、语义构成和句法构成三种基本构词方式框架下,相关术语构词大量采用缩略法、复合法、词缀法、隐喻法和借用法,以及英俄语混合使用的术语表达方法。俄汉术语表述存在差异,主要体现在词义筛选、词类转换和同义反复等方面。了解俄汉术语表述差异,有助于推动文本信息的有效传播,保障俄汉双向翻译的准确性和规范性。

Composition and Translation of Russian Terms Related to COVID-19

The composition of Russian terms related to COVID-19 follows rules of modern Russian word formation, and reflects the characteristics consistent with the expression of international common terms as well. The designation of COVID-19 increases the vocabulary, and the discussion on the cause, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the disease remains or reorganizes the existing vocabulary. Under the framework of which morphological composition, semantic composition and syntactic composition are the three basic word formation methods, a large number of related terms are used in abbreviation, compounding, affixes, metaphor, borrowing, as well as the mixed use of English and Russian term expression. The differences between Russian and Chinese terminology are mainly reflected in polysemy, part-of-speech conversion and tautology. Understanding the differences between Russian and Chinese terminology will promote the effective dissemination of textual information, ensuring the accuracy and standardization of Russian-Chinese mutual translation.