民国川西藏族教育“雇读制”现象述论

民国时期川西藏族教育中出现的“雇读制”现象起源于清末在川边实施改土归流的过程中，并经历了沉寂期、复苏期、高潮期和衰退期四个发展阶段。“雇读制”有集体雇读和个人雇读两种，受雇对象多是居住在当地的汉民子弟，雇读报酬一般是采用付藏洋、替徭役和供糌粑等方式，这种现象在川西藏族地区非常普遍。“雇读制”现象主要在川西藏族教育中盛行不仅有其深刻的社会政治、经济及文化等方面的原因，而且当时川西藏族教育的教学内容、教学水平以及学制系统等也产生了影响。

A Commentary on the Phenomenon of Hire to Schooling in Tibetan Education of Western Sichuan Province in the Period of the Republic of China

The phenomenon of Hire to Schoolingin Tibetan education of the westernSichuan province in the period of the Republic of China originated in the course of the abolition of hereditary chieftaincy and making the ethnic minority areas administrated under unified local governments at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Its development went through four stages, which were quietude time, recovery time, climax time and recession time. There are two types off＇firing.someone to schooling, coUective one and individual one. The hired ones used to be the children of local Han residents,and they were paid in Tibetan currency and Tsampa, or by taking the place of the hired to do corvee.The phenomenon was especially common in Tibetancommunities in western Sichuan province. There were sociopolitical, economic and cultural factors and the like acting in the phenomenon which affected the contents of teaching, the teaching standards and the schooling system of Tibetan education