拉萨地区渔场水体重金属砷的初步研究

近年来河流污染日益严重，水产品质量安全问题成为环境研究的热点之一。砷是五毒元素之一，具有极强的毒性，分布广泛，它所带来的各种环境问题和对人类健康的危害受到人们的广泛关注。文章以山南贡嘎渔场、曲水聂当渔场、林周渔场三个拉萨周边地区的主要渔场为研究对象，利用AF-610A型原子荧光光谱仪（AFS）等仪器对鲢鱼、鲫鱼、草鱼、鲤鱼、罗非鱼等5种共22条鱼体的肌肉、肝脏、心脏、鱼鳃和内残物等5个组织器官中砷的含量进行了测定。结果表明：①3个渔场水中砷的平均分布状况为：曲水聂当渔场〉山南贡嘎渔场〉林周渔场；②3个渔场5种鱼类不同器官中砷的平均分布状况为：山南贡嘎渔场〉曲水聂当渔场〉林周渔场；③不同鱼体组织器官中砷的平均分布情况为，山南贡嘎渔场：内残物〉肝脏〉心脏〉肌肉〉鱼鳃；曲水聂当渔场：鱼鳃〉心脏〉肝脏〉肌肉；林周渔场：内残物〉肝脏〉心脏〉鱼鳃〉肌肉；不同种类鱼体内砷（舡）蓄积量分析，单因素分析法比较：在肝脏中罗非鱼〉鲫鱼〉鲢鱼〉鲤鱼〉草鱼；在肌肉中罗非鱼〉鲫鱼〉鲢鱼〉草鱼〉鲤鱼；在内残物中鲢鱼〉鲤鱼；在心脏中罗非鱼〉鲫鱼〉草鱼〉鲢鱼〉鲤鱼；在鱼鳃中罗非鱼〉鲫鱼〉鲤鱼〉草鱼〉鲢鱼。

Preliminary study on the arsenic in water of fisheries in Lhasa region

the problem of river pollution is outstanding in recently and the quality and safety of aquatic products has become one of the main topics of environmental research. Arsenic is one of the top five elements with strong toxicity and widespread distribution. The environmental problems and hazards to human health resulted from it was concerned widespread by people. Three fisheries （Shannan Gongga fishery, Qushui Niedang fishcry and Lin Zhou fishery） around Lhasa were selected as the study object and the arsenic content in muscle, liver, heart, gills and the residue of stomach content of fish including 5 species 22 individuals was determined by using AF-610A atomic fluorescence spectrometer （AFS）. Results showed that the average content of arsenic in water at three fisheries was Qushui Niedang fisheries〉Shannan Gongga fisheries 〉 Lin Zhou fisheries, the average content of arsenic in different organs of five fish species at three fisheries was Shannan Gongga fisheries〉 Qushui Niedang fisheries 〉 Lin Zhou fisheries and the average content of arsenic in different organs at different fisheries were at Shannan Gongga fisheries the residue 〉liver〉 heart 〉muscle 〉gills and at Qushui Niedang fisheries gills〉heart〉liver〉muscle and at Lin Zhou fisheries residue〉liver〉heart〉gills〉muscle. The content of arsenic in organs of different types of fish was analyzed and compared by single factor analysis that showed in the liver tilapia〉carp〉silver carp〉dace〉grass carp, in the muscle tilapia〉 carp〉silver carp〉grass〉 dace, in the residue silver carp〉dace, in the heart tilapia〉 carp〉grass carp〉silver carp〉dace, in the gill tilapia〉carp〉dace〉grass carp〉silver carp.