环境参数对公路隧道火灾蔓延的实验研究

以象山隧道为研究对象,利用缩尺温度模型进行实验。研究环境温度、通风速度对隧道内的温度以及烟气蔓延的影响规律：隧道内汽车着火后,火源上方隧道顶部的温度上升幅度大,上、下游人眼特征高度处温度的上升幅度较小；通风对隧道内温度的影响很大,但不是风速越大,温度下降的越多,离火源距离越远,通风对温度影响越小；环境温度越低,烟气蔓延时间越短；火灾发生后,未开启风机时,烟气蔓延降至人眼特征高度处时间需350～415s,开启风机后,风速为2.4m/s和4.8m/s时,烟气达到人眼特征高度处的时间分别为25～40s和20～30s。在实验结果基础上给出建议,以便给监督管理部门对风速的调节和灭火救援及人员疏散提供参考。

Experiment of environmental parameters affecting highway tunnel fire spread

Taking Xiangshan Tunnel as an example, the fire experiments are used reduced scale temperature model. The influence of environmental temperature and wind speed to the inner temperature and smoke spread in the tunnel is researched. Results show that: after the car being on fire in the tunnel, the temperature above fire source in the tunnel top raise much, on the human eye height forward and backward the source the temperature raise lesser; ventilation affect the temperature inside the tunnel greatly, but not the faster the wind speed is, the more the temperature decline, the farther away from fire source, the smaller the ventilation has effect on the temperature; the lower the ambient temperature is, the faster the smoke spreads; when the fire occurred and the fan is not turned on, smoke spreads down to the human eye height for 350 ~ 415s, while the fan is turned on and the wind speed is 2.4m/s and 4.8m/s, the flue gas reaches the human eye height for 25~ 40s and 20~30s. Based on the experimental results, suggestions are provided for the management department to control the wind speed and help to do fire fighting and rescue evacuation.