徽州古村落形成与发展的地理环境研究

徽州地处亚热带湿润季风气候区,黄山、天目山和白际山脉环绕徽州四周,山脉之间形成休(宁)歙(县)、黟县、祁门等盆地,源于四周山脉的新安江及其众多支流回环全境,形成闭塞而景色秀美的自然环境,为历史上中原地区因战乱等原因形成的南迁人口提供了重要的迁徙地.大量中原人口的迁入,给徽州带来了封建宗法制度,促进了徽州的文风,同时也加剧了徽州的人地矛盾.明清时期的徽商,为徽州古村落的建设和发展奠定了坚实的物质基础.历经千百年的发展,“秀丽山水”、“文风昌盛”和“富甲天下”终于成为明清时期徽州古村落自然环境和人文环境的主要内涵.

Research on Geographical Environment of the Formation and Development of Huizhou Ancient Village

Huizhou area lies to the zone of subtropical moist monsoon climate. Surrounded by continuous stretch of mountains, Huizhou, which abounds in bright mountains and limpid waters, was an important settlement for people migrating from northern China for 3 times in Chinese history. They established early-period villages. With time passing on, people had gradually migrated from original villages and built new ones, which was a basic form of the formation of Huizhou ancient village. A large population from northern China migrated into borders of Huizhou not only brought the patriarchal clan system, promoted style of writing, but also stimulated positivity of trade of Hui people for human-land conflict and rich products. The merchants had quicken construction and development for ancient village in Huizhou of the Ming and Qing dynasties. With time passing on, the geographical environment of the Ming and Qing dynasties in Huizhou boasted beautiful mountains and rivers and flourishing style of writing, and thus, had created glorious regional culture of Huizhou characteristics.