A bio-inspired approach for cognitive radio networks

The recent increasing interest in cognitive radio networks has motivated the study and development of new approaches capable of coping with the intrinsic challenges of this kind of network, such as dynamic spectrum availability, distributed and heterogeneous network architectures, and soaring complexity. The bio-inspired approaches, with appealing characteristics such as autonomy, adaptation and collective intelligence of collaborative individuals, have been extensively studied. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of bio-inspired approaches for cognitive radio networks, emphasizing their domains of application. Specifically, ant colony optimization and particle warm optimization are further investigated with examples and numerical simulation.