类器官芯片在疾病体外模型中的应用

 类器官芯片是利用器官芯片独有的优势，体外构建类器官可控的理化微环境，使得类器官更能反应来源组织器官的结构和功能，从而更好地模拟器官的生理和疾病状态，是目前最具潜力的疾病体外模型之一。概述了传统类器官、器官芯片以及类器官芯片在疾病体外模型构建中的应用进展，提出了类器官芯片在疾病模型构建中存在的问题及可能解决的方案。

Applications of organoids-on-a-chip in disease models in vitro

To gain a better insight into the mechanisms of the human disease calls for stable and reliable in vitro and in vivo models to reproduce the physiological and pathophysiological processes of human tissues and organs. Cellular and animal models provide critical tools for modeling the human condition, but due to the deficiencies of these methods, we may fail to comprehend the human diseases accurately. Organoids originate from the stem cells based on the cellular self-organization and development principles, and are similar to the native organs in structure and functions. However, most organoids can not mimic the functions of the mature organs due to lacking controllable biochemical and biophysical stimulations. Organ-on-a-Chip is an emerging cutting-edge technology in the last decade by culturing multiple cells on the microfluidic chips to model the physiological and pathological microenvironments of the organs veritably. This technology provides three dimensional microphysiological systems with the tissue-tissue interface and the multiple physicochemical stimulations. Organoid-on-a-Chips, the integration of the organoids with the organ-on-a-chip technology, provide a better biomimetic environment for the traditional organoid culture system and avoid the shortage of the conventional organoid technology. The organoid-on-a-Chip technology promises to be a potential in vitro disease model. In this review, we focus on the construction of disease models on the organoid-on-a-chip and the research advances in the disease mechanism. We also discuss the current obstacles and the future trend of this technology.