基于物质流分析的中国钴资源供需形势

 为厘清中国钴资源的供需形势,利用物质流分析2000—2020年中国钴资源流量、存量和供需格局变化。研究发现：（1）中国钴矿进口量逐年提升,对外依存度高,每年均在70%以上,精炼钴产量及净出口量逐年增长,2020年分别达到了8.5万t和1.4万t。（2）钴产品制造量不断提高,从2000年的0.01万t上升至2020年的6.3万t,电池是钴主要的制造产品;在贸易阶段,钴产品整体呈现净出口,2020年净出口量为1.7万t。（3）钴产品在用存量持续上升,2020年达到了12.5万t。钴产品整体回收率低,进一步加大回收是应对钴需求扩张的主要方法。同时,建议提高技术水平,减少加工过程的浪费,降低对于钴资源的依赖,还需要做好资源储备,应对国际局势变化。

Supply and demand situation of cobalt resources in China based on material flow analysis

In order to clarify the supply and demand situation of cobalt resources in China, material flow was used to analyze the changes in the flow, stock and supply and demand pattern of cobalt resources in China during 2000—2020. This article shows that 1) the import volume of cobalt ore to China was increasing year by year and the degree of external dependence was high, i.e., more than 70% yearly, and refined cobalt production and net exports increased year by year, reaching 85000 t and 14000 t, respectively in 2020; 2) the production of cobalt products was increasing from 100 t in 2000 to 63000 t in 2020, and batteries were the main cobalt products; in the trade phase, cobalt products showed a net export of 17000 t in 2020; 3) the stock of cobalt products in use continued to rise, reaching 125000 t in 2020. On the other hand, the overall recovery rate of cobalt products has been low, and improvement in recycling is the primary way to cope with the expansion of cobalt demand. At the same time, the article suggests improving the technical level, reducing the waste during processing process, reducing the dependence of cobalt resources, and doing an excellent job in resource reserve to adapt to the change of the international situation.