生物灾害概念界定及其在分类改进中的应用

 梳理了国内外生物灾害定义和分类的研究进展;针对目前生物灾害定义在国内外均未统一,存在定义的角度不一致、要素缺失、表述不准等问题,提出准确完整的生物灾害定义应分为广义和狭义,包含致灾因子、承灾体、孕灾环境和危害程度4要素;基于国标《自然灾害分类与代码》中的生物灾害分类存在错误和重复问题,提出应把森林/草原火灾改为与生物灾害并列、病虫害拆分为病害和虫害,将海洋灾害下的赤潮灾害删除等改进建议。

Definition of the concept of biological disasters and its application in classification improvement

It is the premise of effective prevention and control of biological disasters to accurately define concept and clarify classification on them. The research progress on the definition and classification of biological disasters was reviewed at home and abroad. It was founded that the definition of biological disaster is not uniform at present. In order to solve the problems of inconsistent angles, lack of elements and inaccurate expressions, the accurate and complete definition of biological disaster should be divided into broad and narrow sense, including four elements: hazard, exposure, disaster-formative environment, and degree of harm. There are errors and repetition on the classification of biological disasters in the Chinese National Standard "Classification and Codes for Natural Disasters". The suggestions for Improvement were developed: forest/grassland fire should be juxtaposed with biological disasters, disease and insect pest as one tape should be divided into two tapes, and red tide disaster under marine disasters should be deleted. The possible future direction were discussed.