中国镧元素的动态物质流及供需分析

 构建了镧元素的动态物质流分析框架，模拟了镧的全生命周期流动情况，分析了1990—2018年中国镧物质流量、存量和供需关系。结果显示：（1）中国稀土镧96%的供应来自国内开采，其中77%来自于白云鄂博矿和氟碳铈矿；（2）镧的功能材料种类丰富，消耗镧最多的石油裂化催化剂28年累积用镧量占到了镧应用总量的47%；（3）中国在1990—2018年间共向其他国家出口了29.2万t镧，且以冶炼分离产品为主；（4）1990—2018年间，中国镧元素总体过剩，但2013—2017年出现少量供应不足，原因是氧化镧的大量出口和下游应用量的增长，有利于减少库存，促进供需平衡。建议在巩固现有下游消费的基础上，大力开发新材料，拓展镧的新应用技术，提升镧产业链的附加值；尽快建立废石油裂化催化剂的回收机制，并制定相关法律法规以促进镧循环利用、防止环境污染。

Dynamic material flow analysis and supply and demand management of lanthanum in China

In order to reveal the changing trend of lanthanum material flow in China and describe its trade pattern, this paper constructs a dynamic material flow analysis framework for lanthanum that simulates the flow of lanthanum in the whole life cycle and analyzes the flow of lanthanum in China in terms of inventory, and supply and demand from 1990 to 2018,. The results show that: 1) 96% of China's lanthanum supply came from domestic mining, of which 77% came from Bayan Obo ores and bastnaesite ores; 2) lanthanum has a wide variety of functional materials, and the most of the 28-year cumulative amount of lanthanum were used in petroleum cracking catalysts that consumed 47% of the total application of lanthanum; 3) from 1990 to 2018, China exported 292,000 tons of lanthanum, mainly smelting and separating products, to other countries; and 4) between 1990 and 2018, China's lanthanum was generally in excess but a small amount of insufficient supply occurred in 2013-2017 due to the significant export of lanthanum oxide and the growth of downstream applications, which was conducive to reducing inventory and promoting supply and demand balance. Based on these results this study suggests vigorously developing new materials and expanding new applications based on consolidating existing downstream consumption. In addition, to prevent environmental pollution, it is necessary to establish a recovery mechanism for waste petroleum cracking catalysts as soon as possible and formulate relevant laws and regulations.