从"缺省预设"看话语理解

话语理解的过程实质上就是当且仅当受话人按照发话人期望的意义去理解的过程。但受话人与发话人之间由于各自的知识结构，文化背景，心理特点等差异以及言语语境的动态变化，受话人究竟如何并在多大程度上能朝说话人所期望的意义去理解话语呢?本文试图从认知的缺省预设理论的角度来分析话语的理解并得出：受话人在话语交际过程中总是在充分理解之前就已激活某种缺省预设，从而个人的话语意图通过语言表达得以沟通从而最终实现话语理解。

A Tentative Study on the Utterance Comprehension from the Perspective of the Default Assumption

The comprehension of utterance is, in essential, a process based on the receiver trying to figure out the producer's meanings only by following up the producer's intention/purpose. Due to the great differences of knowledge structure, cultural background ,psychological characteristics between the receiver and the producer of the discourse as well as the dynamic utterance contexts, to what extent on earth, does the receiver really follow up the producer' s intention/purpose in order to understand the producer' s meanings? This article makes an analysis on the comprehension of utterance from the perspective of default assumption of cognition and concludes that, in the course of communication, the receiver has already stimulated some default assumptions before fully understanding the utlerance so that he can successfully express his purpose/intention by means of language so as to achieve the comprehension of utlerance.