气候变化对重庆岩溶地区水文水资源的影响

分析了重庆岩溶区水文水资源对气候变化的响应。结合水文数据与气象数据，运用数学分析的方法研究了气温和降水对水文水资源要索的影响。结果表明：岩溶区降水变化对径流量影响显著，呈显著正相关，并且年均降水量与年均径流量存在指数增长关系。同时由于降水的变化，导致重庆岩溶区干旱、洪涝和正常年交替出现，且旱涝持续时间长。气温是影响蒸发的重要因子。可能蒸散随着气温的变化呈现出明显的季节变化和年际变化，气温升高，则蒸发量增加，反之则减少。从空间上，可能蒸散量大体上西部大于东部，北部大于南部。

Impacts of Climate Changes on Hydrologic Regimes and Water Resource in Chongqing Karst Ecosystem

In this paper,the impacts of climate changes on karst ecosystem were studied from the aspects of hydrologic regimes and water resource,taking karst areas in Chongqing as an example.Integrating hydrology data and weather data,the impacts of temperature and precipitation on elements of water resource were studied using mathematics analysis methods.Some results were obtained:precipitation change had great influence on runoff,showing dramatic positive correlation.With precipitation decreasing,runoff descended.Furthermore,precipitation change brought the result that droughts,floods and normal years occurred by turns,and durative time of droughts and floods was long.In Chongqing karst region,air temperature is an important factor of affecting evaporation.Potential evaporation brought seasonal change and annual change obviously with temperature change.With Temperature ascending,evaporation increased,or else decreased.In space,generally evaporation in the west was higher than in the east,evaporation in the north was higher than in the south.