植物硅酸体分析在农业考古中的应用

植物硅酸体，又称植硅石（ｐｈｙｔｏｌｉｔｈ），是指高等植物细胞中发育的硅质颗粒，易鉴定且较易被保存在考古地层和遗物中。许多栽培植物能够产生具属种一级鉴定特征的植物硅酸体。通过考古土壤等样品的硅酸体分析，能够较好地恢复史前农耕面貌与特点。目前，已有一些栽培植物的硅酸体形态得到了较好的研究，当代考古植物学家也有一些成功的研究范例。植物硅酸体分析，将在农业考古研究中发挥重要的作用。

Application of Phytolith in Agricultural Archaeology

Phytolith is easy to preserved in archaeological sediments, and its features of shape are special. Many cultivated plants can produce some phytoliths which have special morphological characteristics. The pre-historical cultivated type and features can be recovered through phytolith analyses of archaeological palaeo-soils. Basic studies of some cultivated plants and several successful examples of application of phytolith analyses are introduced. As crops themselves were difficultly preserved and relative analysing and distinguishing methods were limited,an amount of valuable information was just missing. A lot of farm tools were excavated in many neolithics sites in our country, but no any crop was found. It was really a pity in study of early cultivation. Phytoliths of crops and other plants were aboundantly preserved in cultured sediments and other ruins more easily than sporopollens and can be differentiated easily. For these reasons above. phytolith analyses have become an important research method in agricultural archaeology,and will play a more important role in the study of origin and propagation of cultivated plants.