北极海冰消退及其主要驱动机制

极地海冰在全球气候变化中扮演着重要角色。在全球变暖背景下，北极海冰正在以过去千年来所未有的速率消退，预计到21世纪中叶或更早，北极海域将面临夏季无冰的状况。北极海冰减少不仅改变北极地区的生态和环境，还通过大尺度的海气环流影响中纬度地区，甚至是全球的天气和气候。文章简要介绍了北极海冰消退的特征和主要驱动机制，并对未来北极海冰消退机理研究进行了展望。

Arctic sea ice decline and its driving mechanisms

Polar sea ice plays an important role in global climate change. The Arctic is experiencing dramatic decline in sea icecoverage under global warming with a rate that is unprecedented over the past millennium. It is predicted that the Arctic Oceanwill become ice-free during summertime in the middle of this century or even earlier. Arctic sea ice loss not only directly alterslocal environment and ecosystem, but also affects mid-latitude or even global weather and climate through large-scale oceanic andatmospheric circulation patterns. In this paper, we briefly review the characteristics of Arctic sea ice retreat and the associated physicalmechanisms, and envisage prospect in the future work on mechanisms for Arctic sea ice retreat.