考虑负外部性成本的铁矿石航线配船多目标优化

针对实际铁矿石航运过程中所存在的船舶运营导致负外部性内部化问题，综合考虑船舶海上运输所造成的环境影响、港口拥堵以及交通事故等负外部性要素，并对其进行量化评估。通过分析铁矿石海上运输活动，将负外部性问题与航线配船相结合考虑，以负外部性成本最低与营运利润最大为目标，建立了铁矿石航线配船双目标优化模型，采用改进遗传算法进行求解与验证。以从巴西经过好望角到中国的3条铁矿石航线为例，对模型进行求解验证，并对船型和燃油价格进行灵敏度分析。结果表明：负外部性成本在航运企业运营收益中是不容忽略的，合理的船型运力配比在运输过程中会显著地减少负外部性成本。随着燃油价格上涨，会导致负外部成本大幅增加。可为航运相关企业提出优化建议，并为政府宏观调控运力和航运企业制定运输计划提供参考。

Multi-objective Optimization of Ship Allocation in Iron Ore Route Considering Negative Externality Cost

Aiming at the internalization of negative externalities caused by ship operation in the actual iron ore shipping process, the negative externalities such as environmental impacts, port congestion and traffic accidents caused by ship transportation at sea are considered comprehensively and evaluated quantitatively. By analyzing the sea transportation activities of iron ore, combining the negative externality problem with ship routing, and aiming at minimizing the negative externality cost and maximizing the operating profit, a dual-objective optimization model of iron ore ship routing is established, which is solved and verified by the improved genetic algorithm. Taking the three iron ore routes from Brazil to China via the Cape of Good Hope as an example, the model is solved and verified, and the sensitivity analysis of ship type and fuel price is carried out. The results show that the negative externality cost is not negligible in the operating income of shipping enterprises, and the reasonable ship type capacity ratio will significantly reduce the negative externality cost in the transportation process. With the increase of fuel price, it will lead to a significant increase of negative externality cost. Optimization suggestions can be put forward for shipping-related enterprises, and provide reference for the government''s macro-control of capacity and shipping enterprises to formulate transportation plans.