野生动物旅游地游憩机会谱建构——以成都大熊猫繁育研究基地为例

以成都大熊猫繁育研究基地为例, 将游憩机会谱(ROS)应用于野生动物旅游情境, 构建野生动物旅游地游憩机会谱(WROS)。采用文本分析法, 对游客评论的体验活动进行分析, 运用八爪鱼采集器V7.2.6版, 对蚂蜂窝、去哪儿网、携程网和猫途鹰等网站的游客评论进行采集, 共得到 9192条有效评论。利用微图文本分析工具, 对这些文本进行可视化表达; 结合野生动物旅游地保护需求制约及游客体验, 分析游客关注的景区自然环境、社会环境和管理环境三大属性要素特征, 确立景观自然程度、游客密度、游客特征、可达性、旅游基础设施、野生动物保护强度和游客管理7个指标, 将成都大熊猫研究基地划分为迁地保护圈养展示区、科学繁育半圈养观赏区和野外放归生态考察区3个空间类型, 并构建对应空间类型的野生动物旅游地游憩活动清单和机会谱。WROS的建构, 可以缓解不同区域功能的游憩活动带来的资源保护压力, 同时提升游憩体验质量, 为类似的野生动物旅游地的规划和管理提供参考。

Construction of Wildlife Recreational Opportunity Spectrum: Based on Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base

Taking Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base as an example, this study applies the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) to the wildlife tourism context and constructs the Wildlife Recreational Opportunity Spectrum (WROS). Content analysis was used to analyze the tourists’ reviews on experiential activities, and the Octopus collector V7.2.6 was used to collect the comments of visitors from sites such as Mafengwo.com, Qunar.com, Ctrip.com, and TripAdvisor. A total of 9192 valid comments were collected and visual analysis was done with micro-text analysis tools. Through the analysis of three characteristics, natural attributes, the social environment and the management environment, 7 indicators were set for the destination zoning: the natural landscape degree, tourist density, tourist feature, accessibility, tourism infrastructure, wildlife conservation intensity, and tourist management. The Giant Panda Research Base in Chengdu was divided into three types of artificially constructed display area, semi-artificial interacting area and wild exploration area, and a list of the corresponding wildlife-based recreation activities and spectrum was constructed. The construction of WTOS can relieve the pressure of resources in designing different recreation activities and in different types of regions, so as to guarantee the quality of tourism experience, providing reference for the planning and management of wildlife tourism destination.