纳米颗粒提高二氧化碳泡沫稳定性的研究进展

利用表面活性剂溶液产生的二氧化碳泡沫能够在一定程度上控制二氧化碳气体流度，发挥二氧化碳的驱油优势，但表面活性剂在地层中吸附量大，在高温高盐环境中稳定性较差。纳米颗粒可用作稳泡剂提高二氧化碳泡沫稳定性。分析了纳米颗粒用于稳定二氧化碳泡沫的优势；从纳米颗粒与界面的相互作用及颗粒与颗粒之间的相互作用两个方面综述了纳米颗粒对于二氧化碳泡沫的稳定机理，主要包括脱附能理论、最大毛细压理论以及颗粒间相互作用形成的网络结构理论；总结了纳米颗粒疏水性、粒径、颗粒浓度、矿化度、温度以及压力对二氧化碳泡沫的产生及稳定性的影响；分析了利用纳米颗粒稳定的二氧化碳泡沫对二氧化碳气体的流度控制效果以及驱油效果，提出了目前存在的问题及下一步的研究方向。

Advances of Researches on Improving the Stability of CO2 Foams by Nanoparticles

The surfactant-stabilized CO2 foams can effectively control the mobility of CO2，strengthening the flooding advantages of CO2. However，the surfactant has a large retention loss in reservoir rock and does not have a good stability under high-temperature and high-salinity reservoir conditions. Nanoparticles can be used as stabilizer to improve the foam stability. The advantages of nanoparticles in stabilizing CO2 foams were analyzed. The stabilization mechanisms of CO2 foams by nanoparticles were summarized from the aspects of particle-interface interaction and partial-particle interaction，including detachment energy theory，maximum capillary theory and the network structure theory. Effect of different factors，including the hydrophobicity，nanoparticle size，nanoparticle concentration，salinity，temperature and pressure，on the generation and stability of CO2 foams were investigated. The potential application of nanoparticle-stabilized CO2 foams for mobility control and oil displacement was analyzed. Several problems in current study and direction of further studies on nanoparticle-stabilized CO2 foams were proposed.