客车侧翻碰撞中安全带对乘员损伤的影响分析

参照欧洲ECE R66法规要求,建立客车侧翻仿真模型及其乘员约束系统模型。利用LS_DYNA软件对客车侧翻碰撞试验和客车座椅动态试验进行模拟分析,并与试验结果进行对比,结果表明,有限元模型具有较高的精度。将4个HybridⅢ50%男性假人模型放置在客车最薄弱的车身段座椅上。对客车侧翻过程中,3种约束条件(无安全带、两点式安全带和三点式安全带)的乘员损伤情况进行分析。研究结果表明:无安全带约束时,假人头部和颈部将受到严重损害;两点式安全带和三点式安全带对于所有假人颈部及胸部的保护效果相近;两点式安全带能有效降低大部分假人的头部损伤风险,但碰撞侧外侧假人头部损伤值仍较高。

Influence of the seatbelt on passenger injury during bus rollover

Finite element models about bus rollover and passenger restraint system were created according to ECE R66 requirements. Simulation and experimental study on the rollover test for bus and the dynamic test for bus seats were performed. The good agreement between the simulation results and the experimental data proves the accuracy of the finite element models used in the rollover simulation study. 4 Hybrid III 50% dummies were placed at the structurally weakest body section of the bus. And the injury risk of dummies with three different passenger restraint systems (no seatbelt,two-point seatbelt and three-point seatbelt) was respectively evaluated during bus rollover. Simulation results illustrate that the dummies with no seatbelt protection suffer great risk of head and neck injury. Two and three point safety belts provide somewhat similar protection of neck and chest for all the dummies. Most of the dummy heads are well protected by two-point seatbelts except the one that is placed in the outboard seating position on the struck side of the bus.