星载空间目标可见光探测系统探测能力研究

衡量星载空间目标可见光探测系统的探测能力的主要技术指标是信噪比。探测系统的信噪比与探测器噪声特性、空间目标光度特性、天空背景特性、目标距离等因素有关。从信噪比的角度出发,根据光度学和辐射度学的基本原理以及CMOS图像探测器的噪声特性,建立了CMOS可见光探测系统的信噪比数学模型,然后根据Johnson法则,得出系统探测距离与系统探测信噪比之间的关系。最后利用MATLAB在可见光500~600 nm谱段对数学模型进行仿真计算,用绘图显示了系统探测能力与系统信噪比、积分时间之间的关系,并在给定参数和条件下算出系统的极限探测距离。推导出的数学模型和计算结果可以为星载空间目标可见光探测系统探测能力的分析和估计提供理论计算方法。

Study on Detection Capability of Space Target Space-borneOptical Detection System

The signal-to-noise ratio is the main technical indicator to measure the detection ability of space-borne optical detection system. The signal-to-noise ratio of the detection system relevant to the detector noise, space target photometry, the sky background, characteristic, target distance and other factors. From the perspective of signal-to-noise ratio, according to the basic principle of photometric and radiometric and noise characteristics of CMOS image sensors, the mathematical model of signal to noise ratio about CMOS optical detection system is established. And then, according to the laws of the Johnson obtain the relationship between the system detection range and the system detect signal to noise ratio. Finally, use MATLAB to simulation and calculation the mathematical model in the 500 nm to 600 nm visible light spectrum, using pictures shows the relationship about the system detection ability , the signal-to-noise ratio and the integration time,and under the condition of given parameters and calculate get the limit range of detection system.The deduced mathematical model and calculation results can provide a theoretical calculation method of analysis and estimate about detection capability of space target space-borne optical detection system.