八类分的科学包举——《大文章概念论》之四

中国文章的分类问题,历来为众多学者注重。古代文章从三国时曹丕的“四科八体分”到晚清曾国藩的“三门十一类”,自简而繁,由繁至简,经历了千余年文章世界鼎盛繁荣的检验。到了“五四”之后,现代文章又经由叶圣陶、陈望道等人“五分说”、“三分说”、“四分说”的追踪认定,发展到现阶段已形成了所谓“记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文”的“四文说”。然而,这一四“文”分的认识并无科学系统的理论基础,造成了在全国大中小学语文教育和写作教学圈里无门(科)、类(种)、体(样)意识的种种教研误区。本文承接《大文章概念论》之一:《文章分类的现实误区》,之二:《文章分类的历史批判》,之三:《两门文章的哲学对等》所表述的整体思路,旨在通过八类分的最终界定,完成“两门八类多体分”这一分类新体系的论证,以使中国文章的分类步入科学化、系统化的轨道。

A Scientific Summary of Eight Categories for Written Chinese——The Fourth in a Series“On the Definition of a Classification of Writing”

From time immemorial,many scholars have devoted much attention to the classification of written Chinese.However,these classifications into categories differed from one age to another up to the present,and proved to be,to some extent,actually contradictory without any of them having a theoretical foundation in a scientific system,which cauesd confusion in learning, teaching and research.And therefore,in line with the train of thought of the proceeding three papers,this paper attempts to define the sight categories and consequently to complete the 2:8 hierarchical model of calssification of different styles in order to structure the calssification of written Chinese in a more scientific and systematic form.