土壤有机质及其研究方法综述

土壤有机质为森林生态系统生产力构成的重要部分，是森林生态系统生物循环中的重要环节之一.综述土壤有机质的来源及其与土壤肥力的关系，分析了土壤有机质研究方法的历史、存在的问题及进展情况.森林凋落物、土壤生物及环境因素对土壤有机质含量有直接或间接的影响，同时，土壤有机质又与土壤物理、化学和生物性质密不可分.近年来，科研学者在沿用经典测定方法的基础上，采用了红外光谱、核磁共振和同位素示踪等一些先进方法对土壤有机质性质进行研究，取得了引人注目的进展.但由于土壤有机质结构复杂，长期以来对土壤有机质的结构、反应及其转化仍未能完全认识清楚。

A Review of Soil Organic Matter and Its Research Methods

Soil organic matter is a very important part of forest ecosystem productivity, and is also a very important tache of biological cycling in forest ecosystem. The sources of soil organic matter and its relationship with soil fertility were analyzed. And the history, problems and research progress of analysis methods of soil organic matter were also reviewed. Soil organic matter was directly or indirectly affected by forest litter, soil biological properties and environmental conditions. Soil organic matter has close connections with soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Many scholars had researched soil organic matter property with some advanced technology, i. e. infrared reflectance spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, stable carbon isotopes. Due to the complicated structure of soil organic matter, many of its properties were not clear to us. To understand these properties, and its structure, function in forest ecosystem, we should deeply research the structure, function and decomposition process of soil organic matter connected with biological cycling, and these influences on changes o f forest ecosystem.