论对生产力生产关系规律的误解及其后果——试析毛泽东晚年失误的理论根源

毛泽东晚年一连串“左”倾错误其理论根源在于对“生产关系一定要适应生产力规律”这一马克思主义基本原理的理解偏差。他片面强调生产力中人的因素；脱离生产力基础谈生产关系的优越性；把特定国情条件下生产关系建立在落后生产力基础上的特殊现象普遍化；认为社会主义本质就是公有制，坚持社会主义就是坚持公有制；认为威胁社会主义制度的不是生产力，而是被不断夸大的敌对阶级，而巩固社会主义的主要手段就只能是阶级斗争。

On misunderstanding of the law of productivity and production relation and its consequence-The theoretical roots of Mao Zedong's mistakes in the late years

Mao Zedong＇s series of/eft-leaning thoughts in his old age was Originated from his deviated understanding from the basic principle of Marxism that ＂relations of production must adapt to the rules of productivity＂. He unilat- erally emphasized the element of people in the productive force, and discussed the advantages of relations of pro- duction without considering production force. Besides, he generalized the typical phenomenon that relations of pro- duction built up on the laggard production force in specific national conditions, and, concluded that the essence of socialism was public-ownership, socialism-insisting was public ownership-insisting, and the form of public owner- ship the bigger the better. He wrongly concluded that the threats socialism was the more and more enlarged hostile class but not the productive force. Therefore, the main means to consolidate socialism could only be class struggle.