Rhythmic extrusion of pheromone gland elevates pheromone release rate |
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Authors: | C Schal R T Cardé |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Entomology, University of Massachusetts, 01003 Amherst, Massachusetts, USA;(2) Present address: Department of Entomology and Economic Zoology, Coo, College, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, P.O. Box 231, 08903 New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA |
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Abstract: | Summary In two arctiid species,Holomelina lamae andH. aurantiaca, which rhythmically extrude and retract their abdominal tips during pheromone emission, pheromone glands contain up to three orders of magnitude more of the major component than in most Lepidoptera examined to date. Using an effluent collection technique, relatively high rates of pheromone emission were obtained from freely calling females. In contrast, volatilization rates from forcibly extruded glands were about 25 times lower for both species, suggesting that pulsation of the gland functions to increase the release rate.We thank R. Charlton, R. Collins, J. Tang and R. Webster for valuable discussions D. Smith for drawing of the figure, and Dr Robert W. Astheimer of Barnes Engineering for generously donating his time and an IR Microscope used in remote temperature measurements. |
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Keywords: | Sex pheromone pheromone emission rate calling behavior pheromone gland content Arctiidae |
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