纳米探针在分子影像领域的研究进展

随着人们对医学诊断要求的提高, 现有的影像诊断技术已经不能满足疾病高效超前诊断的需求. 而分子影像诊断技术从分子水平对疾病的异常结构和功能进行生理、生化水平显像, 能为疾病的诊治提供更为精确的信息. 分子影像学的发展除了需要先进的成像设备外, 最关键的是要发展新型而高效的成像探针. 目前常规的造影剂和分子探针因为信噪比较低、不具备靶向性等缺点而无法满足成像要求, 而在各种纳米材料基础上发展起来的纳米影像探针显示出较好的显像效果. 本文主要综述光学成像(optical imaging)、磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging, RI)、正电子发射断层成像(positron emission tomography, PET)、电子计算机X线断层扫描(computed tomography, CT)、单光子衍射成像技术(single-photonemission computed tomography, SPECT)、光声成像(photoacoustic imaging, PA)、多模态成像(multi-modality imaging)等各类分子影像中纳米探针的种类、应用及发展前景.

Progress of the nano probes for molecular imaging

Current imaging techniques, such as Computed tomography (CT) imaging, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has been unable to meet more high demand for disease diagnosis. However, Molecular imaging enables the visualization of cellular functions, physiological and pathological changes and the follow-up of molecular process in living organisms with intravital, real-time, non-invasive, dynamic three-dimensional imaging. The development of new and efficient imaging probes is the key to molecular imaging in addition to developing imaging equipments. But the current conventional contrast agents and molecular probes can not meet the requirements for their shortcomings such as low signal to noise ratio, no targeting effect. While nano probes based on nanomaterials have attracted intense attentions and showed good imaging effect. This paper reviews current nano probes, their application and development in optical imaging, MRI, CT, positron emission tomography (PET), Single-Photon-Emission Computed Tomography(SPECT), photoacoustic (PA) imaging, multimodality imaging and so on.