上下游型国际河流开发利用中若干问题的初步探讨

本文对上下游型国际河流开发利用中所面临的若干问题进行了初步探讨。这些问题包括,与河流开发有关的国际法律法规问题,水资源分配问题,防洪问题,水环境保护问题,鱼类资源开发及生物多样性保护问题,利益补偿问题等等。指出:水资源分配问题是国际河流水资源开发的核心问题,利益公平分配和责任公平分扭是这一问题的两个方面,国际河流开发应遵守两个基本原则,即资源所有权原则和兼顾各方利益原则,平等协商和利益补偿是处理国际河流利益分配的基本方式。

A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON SOME ISSUES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RIVERS OF THE UP-AND-DOWN-STREAM TYPE

preliminarily discussed in this paper are some issues that exist in the development of the international rivers of the up-and-down-stream type.These issues include water resource allocation,disequilibrium of development capacity and resource ownership, flood control, hydroenvironment protection, development of fishery resource and protection of biological diversity,and benefit compensation, etc. The main issue is the allocation of water resource: fair allocation of benefit and fair acceptance of responsibility are two aspects of the issue. Two basic principles,namely resource ownership and consideration of benefit of both sides,should be observed. Consultation and benefit compensation on the basis of equality are two basic ways in dealing with benefit allocation of international rivers.