珠江口伶仃洋习见水生动物体内重金属含量测定与评价

应用原子吸收分光光度计,分别测定了珠江口伶仃洋海域部分习见水生动物,包括鱼类、甲壳类、双壳类和头足类体内的镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)和镍(Ni)的含量,并使用标准物作了对照分析.结果显示,不同生物富集金属的能力不同.采用金属污染指数法比较不同生物体间对金属富集能力的差异性,用海洋生物污染评价标准以及有毒、有害物质的限量标准评价海洋生物的污染水平及食用安全性.结果显示,鱼类、虾类、双壳类和头足类都受到了不同程度的重金属污染,有的甚至达到了重污染水平(Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr),大部分海洋生物体内的某些重金属元素的含量出现严重超出食用标准的现象,如棘头梅童鱼的Cr和Pb分别超标23.93和48.05倍,长蛇鲻的Pb超标52.66倍;近江牡蛎的Cu和Cd分别超标740.27和89.59倍.结果表明,珠江口伶仃洋海域重金属污染情况较严重,应当引起有关部门的高度重视.

CONTENTS AND EVALUATION OF HEAVY METALS IN COMMON AQUATIC FROM LINGDING YANG IN PEARL RIVER ESTUARY, SOUTH CHINA OCEAN

The contents of heavy metals in 14 species of common aquatic,including fishes, shrimps, bivalves and cephalopods collected from Lingding Yang in the Pearl River estuary of South Chian Ocean were investigated. The contents of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) in all aquatic were measured with a FAS. The standard reference materials Standard Oyster Tissue 1566 were also digested and analyzed with a FAS for quality control. Metal pollution index was used to compare the otherness between different organisms, and the Evaluation standards of trace metal elements in aquatic organisms and the Limiting standard of noxious and nocuous matters for aquatic products were introduced to evaluate the pollution levels and edible security. The results showed that there was an aggravating trend in metal pollution at the Pearl River estuary. Aquatic all received heavy metal contamination in different degree, even reached seriously polluted.Trace metals in many sea foods greatly exceeded the edible standard. For example, highest concentration of Cr and Pb in Collichthys lucidus were 23.93 and 48.05 times higher than the edible standard, respectively,Pb in Saurida elongate was 52.66 times higher than the standard,and Cu and Cd in Crassostrea rivularis were 740.27 and 89.59 times higher than the standard, respectively. A significant difference was found in enrichment ability between different organisms. The results indicated that the pollution of heavy metals in Pearl River estuary has actually threatened the health of consumers.