西藏林芝和昌都地区不同植被下大型真菌生态分布

西藏地处青藏高原西南部,属极端气候类型,大型真菌资源尤其是特有种类资源丰富。为了揭示西藏不同植被类型与大型真菌分布的相关性,对西藏林芝地区和昌都地区4种植被类型的7个样点进行标本采集,共获得标本139份,其中已完成鉴定103份,分属于26科37属85种,包含16种有毒真菌,51种可食用真菌,20种药用真菌以及13种西藏新纪录种。大型真菌资源最为丰富的是海拔2 500～4 000 m的高山松林及云冷杉林; 海拔4 000～5 000 m的高山草场依然有大型真菌分布,但种类急剧减少,且以土腐菌为主。

Ecological distribution of macrofungi under different vegetation types Linzhi and Changdu of Tibet

Tibet is located in the southwest of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau with extreme climate. There are many kinds of macrofungi especially endemic species in Tibet. In this study, 139 specimens were collected from 7 sampling sites with 4 different vegetation types, which belong to 26 families, 37 genus and 85 species, in Linzhi and Changdu of Tibet. There are 16 toxic species, 51 edible species, 20 medicinal species and 13 new recorded species. Most of the macrofungi in Tibet are distributed in Pinus densata, Picea likiangensis var. linzhiensis and Abies georgei var. smithii forests which locate from 2 500 m to 4 000 m elevation. When exceeding 4 000 m elevation, the number of species reduces sharply and most of them are saprophytic fungi. This research reveals the correlation of different vegetation types and fungal diversity in some degree, and provides a scientific basis in mushroom resource conservation, development and utilization.