世界濒危物种黑颈鹤的越冬栖息地保护与当地农业活动的关系

国家人事部资助项目开始的野外工作，是于2009年的2月和3月在西藏拉萨市的林周、墨竹工卡和曲水进行的。所用的主要研究方法为路线统计法和访问法。在每月的月初、月中和月底在各地进行了一次统计。黑颈鹤在拉萨河谷2月份的总数平均为810．3只，其中上、中、下旬三个时间段相比较时，鹤的数量化幅度不大。3月份拉萨河谷黑颈鹤总数平均为816．3只，但中旬以后鹤的数量逐渐下降。分析其集群大小，以1-10个个体为一组的占多数，但3月下旬时大群的出现频率有所增加。多数群体活动在离公路50-493m的范围内。在彭波河谷未秋翻地、冬小麦地和沼泽为选择强度最高的三种栖息地类型，但避开人工林和秋翻地。研究地内的大小家畜总数为152248头（只），其中绵羊的数量最大，占家畜总数的39．44％，黄牛和犏牛的数量居第二位，占家畜总数的27．05％。如果秋翻地的面积能够控制在目前的水平，当地农业活动对黑颈鹤的生存不会造成大的威胁。人工林面积的迅速扩大和沼泽面积的逐年下降，才是真正的威胁源。

Relationship between Wintering Habitat Protection of the Black-necked Crane and Local Agricultural Activities

This work was conducted at Lhundrup, Meldro Konggar, Chushur, and Lhasa in Tibet from February to March 2009. Line transects and interview methods have been used and the counting work has done once in the beginning, mid and end of each month during five month at each site. The average number of Black-necked crane was 810.3 individuals in February and there were no obviously changes in the numbers during the period of the month and 816.3 individuals in March but the numbers has been decreased gradually after middle of March. The group size has been dominated by 1 to 10 individuals and the frequency of large groups was increased in late March. The most of the groups were living at 50 - 493m away from the main road. The autumn un-ploughed farmland, winter wheat land and meadow-marshland are three major types of habitats with highest intensity of habitat selection in Penbo Valley but the autumn plough farmland and artificial woodland were avoided. The total numbers of livestock was 152,248 in the study site, in which sheep were the largest number and up to 39.44% and cattle was in second place up to 27.05% of the total number of livestock. If the autumn ploughed farmland can be controlled in size of current level, the local agricultural activities would not make threats to the black-necked crane but threats would be come from the rapid expansion of artificial woodland area and loosing area of wetland year after year.