西方参与发展的理念和实践

以世界银行为线索厘清参与理念的主要内容,以及实践现状,认为目前学术界和发展实践者已经就参与发展理念的主要内容达成共识,而实践中的参与则以灵活化、基于发展项目、适应于多种场景为特点,而且实施的效果与参与理念的要求存在明显差距。面对理念和实践的差距,一方面参与发展的倡导者内部不断总结经验,改进参与技术和方法;另一方面,参与发展被作为发展话语的典型,受到了强烈的批判和质疑。最后总结了参与发展理念和实践发展历程的两大特点。

The Rhetoric and Practice of Participatory Development in the West

Through a case study of the World Bank, this paper reviews the main content of participatory rhetoric and the practices of such rhetoric. Currently the academics and practicers have reached consensus over the main content of the rhetoric of participatory development, and participation in practice is characterized by flexibility, conformity to different programs, and adaptability to diversified settings. However, there exists a conspicuous gap between the actual effects in practice with the desired effects of the rhetoric. To narrow this gap, the advocators of participatory development constantly sum up experiences and improve participation techniques and approaches while at the same time, participatory development, as a typical development discourse, has been met with severe criticism and confrontations. At last, the author summarizes the two characteristics of the rhetoric and practice of participatory development.