基于叶绿体DNA单倍型的银杏遗传多样性格局研究

对中国7个潜在野生银杏（GinkgobilabaL．）种群的叶绿体DNAmatK基因区进行测序，得到总长度为1588bp的碱基序列，共出现3个多态位点，物种水平的核苷酸多态性很低（0．136％）；3种单倍型（HI，HII，HIII），出现频率分别为92％、2％、6％．总体遗传多样性格局为：祖先单倍型H1分布范围广泛；而另外两种单倍型分别局限在天目山种群和金佛山种群．金佛山种群有一半以上个体为同一特有单倍型，揭示了该银杏群体在遗传资源方面应该优先保护，同时也为该地区是银杏冰期避难所之一提供了有力证据．

The Research on the Variety of Genetic Structure of Ginkgo Biloba Based on cpDNA Hypolytypes

By sequencing 1 cpDNA gene region （matK） of Ginkgo biloba L. sampled from 7 potential wild populations, a total of 3 polymorphic sites over 1588bp were detected which revealed low nucleotide diversity （0. 136% ） at the specieas level. Only three haplotypes （HI, HII and HIII） were found, with the frequencies of being 92%, 2% and 6% respectively. One of the ancestral hyplotyps HI has been wildly distributed through all the 7 populations. However, the other two hyplotypes have been restricted in one population respectively. HII were seen in Tianmu Mountain population, and HIII were seen in above 50% samples of Jinfo Mountain population. The results indicate that Jinfo Mountain population should be given prior consideration in the aspect of specieas conservation. It also strongly surports that Jinfo Montain was one of the glacial legacy.