中国古代咏史诗的历史阐释方式与历史观念

中国古代咏史诗可以归纳为感史诗、述史诗和议史诗这三种主要类型,各自有其不同的历史阐释方式。感史诗更多依赖直观感悟的方式去理解历史、咏叹历史,侧重对历史的整体渲染和直觉判断;述史诗主要以一种克制隐忍的目光来捕捉历史、剪辑历史,委婉地传达诗人的复杂历史情绪;议史诗主要以理性思辨的方式来剖析历史、解读历史,惯于对具体的历史细节进行深入的挖掘和反思。这三种咏史诗的历史阐释方式彼此相互纠结缠绕,体现出中国传统文人对于历史的复杂情绪和在历史观念上的矛盾与思想冲突,即在历史认知观上的＂历史可知观＂和＂历史不可知观＂的矛盾、在历史范畴观上的＂历史有限观＂和＂历史无穷观＂的争议、在历史本质观上的＂史理本质观＂和＂史情本质观＂的分歧。

Historical Interpretation Way and Historical View of Ancient Chinese Poems on History

Ancient Chinese poems on history can be classified into poems exclaiming history, poems narrating history and poems commenting history, each with different historical interpretation way. Poems exclaiming history mainly depend on an intuitive way to understand and exclaim history, emphasizing whole embellishment and intuitive judgment of history; poems narrating history mainly use a restrictive way to grasp and edit history, avoiding putting subjective attitude into the poems; poems commenting history mainly uses the rational reasoning way to analyze and interpret history, being good at digging and reflecting deeply the concrete historical details. These three historical interpretation ways of poems on history are intermingled and show the traditional Chinese literati＇ s complicated sentiments towards history and their mental contradictions in historical views, i.e. the contradiction between ＂history being able to be understood＂ and ＂history being unable to be understood＂, the contradiction between ＂history being limited＂ and ＂history being unlimited＂, the contradiction between ＂historical essence being rational＂ and ＂historical essence being emotional＂.