乐观与冒险中的性别差异分析

采用独立设计两类变量的思路，对个体的乐观性特征进行问卷测量；研究发现性别差异普遍存在于个体乐观与冒险倾向中。但这种差异的表现形式在两类变量中有所不同。在乐观变量中性别差异表现得较为隐蔽和复杂，主要表现为在乐观变量的两个主要维度，即“积极预期”和“消极预期”上的交互作用。另一方面，性别差异在冒险倾向上完全符合传统意识对性别的预期，即男性比女性具有更强的冒险倾向。性别与乐观变量都可以一定程度地预测个体在冒险倾向上的反应。

Analysis on Gender Difference in Optimism and Risk-taking

This study designs two kinds of variables to measure the characteristics of optimistic attitude by questionnaire methods. The results show that the gender difference generally exists in optimism and risk-taking tendency of an individual. But it displays dissimilar forms in the two kinds of variables. The gender difference in optimistic variables is implicit and complicated, which presents the interaction of the main dimensions of optimistic variables, namely positive expectancy and negative expectancy. In the other hand, it in risk-taking variables accords completely with the traditional conception toward the expectation of gender that male is more risk-taking than female does. Both variables, gender and optimism, can predict the risk-taking tendency of an individual.