从认知心理学看外语阅读技巧

外语学习中的阅读行为可分为目的行为和手段行为,其中以获取文本信息为目标的目的行为对学习者今后的学习和工作均有影响,然而,学习者在这方面的阅读能力和阅读技巧还非常欠缺。笔者受认知心理学建构知觉和直接知觉理论的启发,通过分析比较两者的异同及侧重点,认为外语阅读可以采用与之相应的自上而下和自下而上的阅读方法,即借助文本环境结构和读者已有的知识体系作假设性阅读,以及从文本简单易理解的内容出发作由浅入深的阅读。

Reading Skills in Foreign Languages from Cognitive Psychology

The reading in foreign languages can be divided into two types: reading as goal and reading as tool.Reading as goal is often used in study and working.However,the learners are usually lacking in reading ability and skills.According to the theories of constructive perception and direct perception of cognitive psychology,top-down model and bottom-up model can be used in reading of foreign languages,that is,the learners can predict the content of reading materials according to the context structure and the prior knowledge of learners,or they read beginning from easily understanding content of reading materials.