井筒冻结法施工的常见问题及防治措施

在不稳定表土层中施工井筒时，冻结法具有大量的优点，主要包括：适应性强；支护结构灵活、易控制；膈水性好；对环境影响小等。Ⅲ因此，冻结法在井筒的特殊施工中被大量应用。我国煤矿于1955年在开滦林西风井首次使用冻结法凿井，此后，冻结法凿井技术逐渐推广。现在，我国已是世界上用冻结法凿井穿过表土层最厚的国家之一。但是井筒在冻结法施工中，仍然存在很多的问题，这些问题必须引起我们的高度重视。本文主要介绍了冻结法施工的原理及其存在的主要问题，并提出了相关的防治措施。

The Frequent Problems of Freezing Method in Shaft and Their Prevention and Treatment Measures

Freezing method has a lot of advantages, including adaptability, flexibility and controllability of supporting structure, impermeability and small influence on environment when sinking in instable surface soil. As a result, freezing method is largely used in the special method of shaft construction. Freezing method was first used to construct air shaft in Linxi, Kailuan in our country in 1955, and then it was promoted gradually in our country. China has been one of the countries sinking through surface soil with freezing method most deeply in the world. But there are still some problems in sinking construction using freezing method, and we must put emphases on them. This paper mainly introduces the principle of freezing method and its main problems, and put forward relevant prevention and treatment measures.