高分系列卫星影像特征及其在太湖生态环境监测中的应用

高分系列是国家高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项首批研制的卫星,标志着中国民用遥感卫星进入亚米级“高分时代”。为更好地拓展高分卫星数据在生态环境监测中的应用,笔者利用太湖北部地区GF-1和GF-2多光谱遥感影像,分析了高分影像的基本特征及其在生态环境监测中的应用情况。研究发现:①经大气校正后,同时间的GF-1和GF-2在多光谱影像的基本特征、主成分变换和相关性分析结果上具有较好的一致性,可用于联合观测,将对生态环境变化的监测产生积极的作用; ②通过对比分析原始波段、NDVI、NDWI、PCA等特征信息,GF系列卫星对观测区域的林地、水体和建设用地等特征地物具有较好的敏感性,但较低的光谱分辨率影响了其在蓝藻水华和陆域植被的精细化监测能力。

Characteristics of GF images and application in eco-environmental monitoring in Taihu Lake

GF series are the firstly developed satellites of Chinese important project for high-resolution earth observation system, which mark that our country civil remote sensing satellites have reach the submeter level. In order to apply GF data, this paper analyzed and discussed the characteristics of GF images and their eco-environmental significance based on GF-1 and GF-2 multispectral images in the north of Lake Taihu. The results show that:① The analysis result of GF-1 and GF-2 images after atmospheric correction had a good consistency, including the statistics of basic characteristics,PCA analysis and correlation analysis, which could be used for combination observations. Undoubtedly, its launch and operation could make significant contributions to the monitoring of eco-environmental changes.②By comparing information like original bands, NDVI, NDWI, PCA and so on, GF satellites were highly sensitive to forest land, water area, and construction land. However, low spectral resolution affected its ability to distinguish the water bloom and terrestrial vegetation.