崇明东滩湿地生态系统服务功能与价值评估研究述评

崇明东滩湿地是长江口规模最大、发育最完善的河口型潮汐滩涂湿地,为上海市乃至长三角地区提供重要的生态系统服务功能,具有重要的生态经济价值。笔者综述了东滩湿地生态系统在供给、调节、支持、文化等4个方面的服务功能,归纳出人工围垦、上游水利设施修建、工农业生产活动、互花米草入侵是湿地服务功能变化的主要影响因素。针对东滩湿地生态价值评估存在的不足,提出建立适合东滩湿地的生态价值评估体系的建议,指出今后应在东滩湿地基础功能研究、外来物种入侵影响和控制对策以及东滩湿地的生态资源复核、生态补偿等方面进一步开展研究。

Review of service function and value research on Chongming Dongtan wetland ecosystem

Chongming Dongtan wetland is the largest and the most developed estuarine tidal wetland in the Yangtze River estuary, and plays an important role in ecological services for Shanghai and the Yangtze River Delta Area that demonstrates essential ecological economic values. This paper summarized four service functions of the Dongtan wetland ecosystem in supplying, regulating, supporting and culture. The major influence factors of the serving function changes of wetland were analyzed and concluded to be artificial reclamation, upstream water conservancy facilities construction, invasion of Spartina alterniflora and activities of industrial and agricultural production. We further pointed out the necessity for establishing a suitable ecological value assessment system for Dongtan wetland specifically. Moreover, we also suggested to carry out in-depth studies on basic function, impact of invasive species and control strategy, ecological resources review as well as ecological compensation of Dongtan wetland.