无机纳米颗粒在植物转化中的应用

随着纳米生物技术的发展,基于纳米材料构建基因载体的植物转基因技术,逐渐成为一类具有划时代意义的创新性高效植物转基因技术。笔者综述了羟基磷灰石、硅、碳纳米管、量子点、磁性纳米颗粒等无机纳米颗粒在植物转化中的应用,并比较了这些纳米载体的优势及存在的问题。分析认为,不同纳米材料对受体植物细胞的影响、纳米材料及其构建的载体入胞机制等基础理论问题迫切需要进一步阐明,入胞途径的细胞生物学和生理生化过程需要进一步实证,开发可定向输送目的基因到特定细胞或细胞器的安全高效新载体、目的基因的高效释放和功能激发等,将是未来一段时间内纳米植物生物技术研究的主要方向。

Inorganic nanoparticles as delivery vectors for plant transformation

With the development of nanotechnology, nano materials have been increasingly used for delivering genetic materials into plant cells for engineering purposes, which represent a major breakthrough in the 21^st century. In this article, we reviewed the advancement of genetic engineering in plant using nanomaterials, including hydroxyapatite, silica, carbon nanotube, magnetite and quantum dots. The advantages and disadvantages of those materials were summarized. The effects of nanomaterials on the physiology of plant cells, as well as the mechanisms by which those nanomaterials are transported across cells are still largely unclear. The cellular biological and biochemistry mechanisms related to this process also need to be clarified. As a result, developing much safer nanomaterials that can specifically deliver genetic materials into target cells or even sub cellular compartments, with highly efficient payload release and functioning will be a main focus in future nanomaterial research.