汉赋所见两汉之神仙观念

翻检汉赋中所描写的神仙,其中可以考证的大约有50多位,通过考察他们之间的关系变化、地位升降、数量增减,可以看出他们是如何演变的,以及神仙在汉代士人心目中的位置。神与人之间的交通是先民的理想,其具体的沟通方式在汉赋中有所表达,如祭祀、乐舞娱神、建造降神台等。在神人交通中,也透露出人们的成仙向往,在方士们的进一步鼓吹下,使之成为众人的追求,如秦皇汉武尤为服膺此种学说。然而,一部分理性的文士在汉赋中表现的不是列仙之趣,而是在寻求心灵的荫庇救护之所。

The Conception of the Immortal during Han Dynasties Presented in Hanfu

More than 50 immortals are described in Hanfu by textual research.It can be seen through researching on the changes of the immortals’relations,godships and amounts how they evolved and were accepted in scholarws during Han Dynasties.The ancestors had the ideal of communicating with the immortals and the ways of communication described in Hanfu include sacrificing,pleasing the immortals with music and dances and constructing god platform,etc.People yearned to become immortal during such communications especially when it was advocated by some alchemists.A case in point was Qinshihuang and Hanwudi.However,some rational scholars described in Hanfu sought for the shelter of mind.