基于基站辅助定位的无线传感器网络通信协议

无线传感器网络受应用场合和节点结构的限制，要求算法具有低功耗和低复杂度等特点．为此提出了一种基于基站辅助定位的组网算法和路由协议，利用基站对抛撒区域扫描完成网络节点定位和分簇，节点只需接收基站发送的控制信息，节省了通信和计算开销，根据节点剩余能量和信号强度选举簇头、网关，形成以基站为根节点的路由树，减小了成员节点与簇头、簇头与簇头间的通讯耗能，路由协议中定义了源数据包和转发数据包两种数据格式，以实现数据从节点到基站的传输．在此基础上，研究了不同场景下网络的生存期和节点剩余能量、仿真结果表明提出的组网和路由协议能够均衡节点能耗，有效延长网络的生存期．

Communication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network Based on Base Station-Aided Localization

Limited by application and node structure, wireless sensor networks require low energy-efficient and low-complexity algorithms. An organization algorithm and a routing protocol based on base station-aided localization are presented. The base station scans the surveillance area to localize the sensor nodes and group them into clusters. During the process, the nodes only need to receive the control message from the base station, and the energy for communication and computation is saved. According to the residual energy of the nodes and the intensity of the signal they have received, the cluster heads and gateways are selected to set up a routing tree rooted at the base station, reducing the communication cost of nodes. The routing protocol, composed of source data packet and transmission data packet, is advanced to transmit the data from the nodes to the base station. Based on that, the network lifetime and the average residual energy of the nodes are studied under different scenes. The simulation results show that the proposed organization algorithm and routing protocol can balance the energy cost of the sensor nodes and prolong the network lifetime efficiently.