Cd、Pb在东洞庭湖乌鳢、鳜鱼中的蓄积水平研究

采用湿式消解法,并用石墨原子吸收光谱法(GF-AAS)对东洞庭湖乌鳢(Channa argus)、鳜鱼(Siniperca chuatsi)不同组织进行重金属镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)的含量测定,分析其含量分布特征及其与体长、体质量的相关性,并用单因子污染指数法和THQ法评价其污染程度与食用安全性。结果表明,重金属在鱼体内的蓄积量存在组织特异性,同一器官组织对不同重金属的蓄积量不相同(Pb的蓄积量大于Cd的蓄积量)。Cd、Pb含量在鳜鱼和乌鳢的肠道和肝胰脏中含量最高,肌肉中含量最少。相关性分析显示,除Pb含量在乌鳢组织中相关性不显著,其余均表现出较强的相关性(P<0.05),且在鳜鱼中重金属含量与体长、体质量的相关性较显著,在乌鳢中则不显著。污染程度分析及健康风险评价表明,除肌肉组织(乌鳢肌肉组织Pb呈微污染水平)外其他组织器官均存在不同程度的污染水平,食用该区域的乌鳢和鳜鱼无明显的健康风险,食用安全性较高。

Research into the accumulative levels about Cd,Pb in Channa argus and Siniperca chuatsi from the East Dongting Lake

The concentrations and distribution characteristics of Cd,Pb in the organizations of Channa argus and Siniperca chuatsi from East Dongting lake had been measured with wet digestion by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophptometry(GF-AAS), and their associations with body length and body weight were also examined, and the method of single factor pollution index and THQ were used to evaluate the pollution degree and edible security. The results showed that the concentrations of the heavy metals present tissue-specific, and the concentrations and the distributions of the Cd, Pb in the same organs and tissues were quite different.(Accumulations of Pb are higher than Cd). The contents of Cd and Pb are higher in intestines and purtenance, and lower in muscle. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between concentrations of the heavy metals in the organs of these fish(P<0.05)except the Pb in Channa argus, also the levels of Cd, Pb in each organ presented higher correlation with body length and body weight in Siniperca chuatsi, but there is lower in Channa argus. The pollution degree analysis and health risk assessment showed that in addition to the muscle tissue(Pb snakehead muscle tissue is slightly polluted), other tissues and organs are presented different pollution levels. Consumption of snakehead and mandarin fish from this area has no obvious health risks and food security is higher.